Recession and Its Effects free essay sample

This paper looks at the current (2002) downturn in the U.S. furthermore, how it impacts the economy, our families, and certain ventures. This paper investigates the downturn that the United States is currently encountering, and how it influences everything from enormous systematic the carrier business to paying for tonights dinner . The creator additionally talks about how we can forestall or hinder future downturns. The paper concentrates the downturn on a microeconomic scale, applying it to the creators own Western Kentucky. From the Paper: The downturn has affected nearly everybody in our encompassing network, regardless of whether they were affected straightforwardly or in a roundabout way. It has affected nearby private companies, enormous businesses and organizations, just as people and families. All individuals in the economy are affected by a downturn. Notwithstanding, from the current data that I have gotten, it looks as though the economy is on the ascent and will before long have returned to typical. We will compose a custom article test on Downturn and Its Effects or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Downturn is a difficult issue, however ideally our present let down in economy has been a learning experience and next time we will be more ready and can forestall an equivalent catastrophe.

Good English Essay Samples

Good English Essay SamplesIf you're looking for good English essay samples, there are many resources to help you out. But if you want to get the most bang for your buck, you'll need to use a little common sense when looking at them.First of all, if you're going to use essay samples to write good essays, you must be prepared to put in the time and effort required to make sure you have an actual, quality product. You can always get the materials free. However, you'll want to learn to do research in order to make sure you don't spend more time writing than you're willing to read.Once you've done that, you should be ready to look for good essay samples. Here are some tips for finding the best samples. Make sure that you take some time to really think about what type of essay you're writing before you begin looking for the right samples.First of all, you need to ask yourself a few questions about what sort of essay samples you want to write. Will you be writing a test? Do you need to writ e a summary? Or is it only a short essay you're trying to write?A common question is whether you need to look for specific examples or something more general. The best answer is that it depends on what the sample will be used for. Some of the sample essays are designed to look more general, while others are specifically written to give a more detailed outline of a particular subject. Most of the time, though, the sample will give you the exact information you need to write the essay in the first place.You also need to determine how much research you need to do. Most of the time, the better sample materials will be those that don't require a great deal of research. But if you want to do the research yourself, you'll need to be aware of what you need to do in order to be successful.For example, if you're writing an essay about the history of technology, you'll probably be looking for essays that discuss specific technologies that have existed over the years. It's usually easy to find essays that look at what has been created in the last century and see what each one has to offer. Then you'll know what types of innovations were made from the research you need.After you've chosen your essay samples, you need to decide which ones you need to read, and then study for and practice with. In most cases, you'll get the best results when you have plenty of practice and review when you're finished. That way, you won't be frustrated with the essay after you've spent so much time working on it.

Beowulf vs. Harry Potter Essays -- J.K. Rowling

In innumerable manners Beowulf and the Harry Potter arrangement can connect through explicit subjects, occasions, and so forth. In manners they repudiate one another, and in a few, they agree completely. All through both the book and the arrangement they have generally a similar focal thought which is to vanquish the malicious that remaining parts in a fixed world and bring it into wellbeing once more. Each character has his individual shortcomings and forces, which are utilized to further their potential benefit over the span of the story. Beowulf’s powers include physical super quality. Harry’s powers aren’t as much as physical quality as mental and mystical forces. Both make blames in a portion of their activities which once in a while causes disappointment. Beowulf shouldn’t have let his voracity and self-importance exceed his mind when battling the winged serpent, else it would most likely have saved his life. Like Beowulf, once in a while, Harry thinks before he acts. His imprudences aren’t consistently hazardous, and they can really end up being life-sparing. The two cases are a fight among great and malice that influences all. Not at all like in Beowulf, not exclusively should Harry battle shrewd, fiendish has its adherents and he should work around them while Beowulf goes up against just the head of fiendishness itself. The two must battle for their lives, however they likewise battle for the prosperity of others. Harry’s battle is for wellbeing and, as it were, he is c onstrained into it, however he acknowledges it. Beowulf battles overwhelmingly for additional wonder, pride, and fortune. They each have their own â€Å"army† yet a great deal of their battles are locked in autonomously and in unique cases depend on their partners. Harry may be a legend, however he was brought into the world a conventional wizard dissimilar to Beowulf who was naturally introduced to the illustrious family. Harry was additionally looked downward on by the individuals who saw him ... ...character and even Beowulf when he kicks the bucket. His final words appeared to be obliging rather than narrow minded. In spite of the fact that Harry is a legend he despite everything has authority over him on account of his age, not at all like Beowulf who is the child of a ruler and is more established. Harry’s fights didn’t simply include genuinely battling like Beowulf’s did. He needed to discover shortcomings in the Dark Lord and use them against him to at long last execute Voldermort after a few battles. Toward the finish of the two stories great triumphs over fiendishness and the underhanded is eventually vanquished interminably. Harry proceeds to carry on with a noteworthy life among his companions, yet Beowulf kicks the bucket a respectable man for the government assistance of his kin giving his position of authority to another person meriting. Despite the fact that the two endings are closed in to some degree a pitiful note, the two of them give yo u a feeling of achievement in view of the general triumph over what used to lead the world they lived in.

The American Revolution - 1100 Words

The American Revolution (Essay Sample) Content: The American RevolutionName:Course:Tutor:Date:The American RevolutionIntroduction The American Revolution started after the French and Indian war. This war was triggered by the British governments attempts to effect unfavorable policies on American colonies. The main cause of the war was the disagreement over the way Britain wanted to treat the colonies versus the way the colonies wanted to be treated. Americans felt that they deserved all rights enjoyed by the British. On the other hand, the British believed that the colonies existed to be used in a way that suited the Crown and the British parliament. This conflict and many others were the genesis of the revolution. The road to revolution was built slowly with time, eventually leading to victory for the colonists. The discussion will be on the major conflicts leading to the American Revolution.Conflicts The French and Indian warThe French and Indian war took place between 1754 and 1763 between the French and the Bri tish. Although the French were defeated, the British were left with a very huge debt, something that made them demand more revenues from the colonies. The colonies became less dependent on Britain for protection after the French were defeated (Wright 45). The war gave Britain a huge territory in North America. However, the disputes of subsequent frontier policies and the payment of war expenses led to discontent in colonies, eventually igniting the American Revolution.The stamp Act This was imposed by the British parliament in 1765. It was specifically meant for British American colonies, requiring all printed materials to be made on stamped paper produced in London. The tax was paid in British currency. The tax became very unpopular resulting in protest and demonstrations led by colonial merchants and landowners. British merchants and manufacturers were also opposed to the tax as their exports to the colonies were threatened. The protests and demonstrations played a huge role in de fining grievances and organization of colonials resistance. This served as the impetus to the American Revolution (Middlekauff 27).Boston massacreThe Boston massacre occurred in 1770 following tensions in American colonies caused by the presence of royal troops enforcing heavy taxation imposed by the Townsend act (Middlekauff 35). in March 1770, a group of colonists tormented British soldiers, something that led to escalation of hostilities. Consequently, clashes erupted resulting in the deaths of five people and several injuries.Townsend ActThe Townsend act was enacted in 1767 by the British parliament to assert its authority over her colonies. The act intended to make Governors and officials independent from colonial legislative authority. The Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townsend sponsored the act. The act met widespread opposition as colonists saw it as a threat to their right to govern themselves. Consequently, it caused devastating effects on the relationship between co lonists and the British government. Meanwhile, colonists continued with the argument that there should be no tax without representation while agitating for more political independent (Middlekauff 46).Tea ActThis act was enacted to help failing British India Company by giving it a monopoly to trade tea in America. Colonists protested by dumping a load of company tea from a ship into the sea (Boston tea party in September 1773). The British government reacted with harsh measures to scuffle the resistance to its rule. As a result, a war erupted after two years. Sugar ActThe Sugar act was passed in 1764 increasing duties on imported sugar from the West Indies. The British did this because they needed more revenue to provide more security to their colonies (Wright 105).The act also intended to force colonists to sell their goods to the British and not to other countries. The act made the colonists very upset because they could not sell their goods as much as they wanted. Consequently, s ome leaders opted to boycott buying British goods. They managed to influence other people who came together to unanimously opposed the sugar act.Currency ActIn 1764, the British parliament argued that colonial currency had caused devaluation that affected British trade. American assemblies were banned from issuing paper and credit bills. This was achieved through the passing of the currency act after the end of the French and Indian war. The British government intended t...

Lit1 Task 1 Essay - 2041 Words

Peter Nero LIT1 –Task 1 A1a: The Sole Proprietorship is the most common business form in the U.S. It offers the advantages of no-cost, easy startup, and full owner/operator autonomy with regard to business decisions.  · Liability: The owner/operator of a Sole Proprietorship is subject to full and unlimited financial liability for the business. The owner and the company are legally the same entity. The company’s assets are legally the same as the owner’s personal assets.  · Income Taxes: The owner of a Sole Proprietorship pays taxes in the earnings of the company as personal income.  · Longevity/Continuity: Because the owner of a Sole Proprietorship and the business, are legally one and the same, when the owner of the business†¦show more content†¦Ã‚ · Location: Limited partnerships have to be formed in compliance with individual state laws. As long as the partnership is legal in a given state, the partnership may do business.  · Convenience/Burden: Limited Partnerships have extra requirements placed upon them to comply with state regulatory requirements. They must maintain a registered agent to represent them in the state in which they were formed. They are also required to file an informational report with the IRS of the profits passed to the general partners. A1d: A C-Corporation is a business form in which the ownership and the company are seen as legally separate entities.  · Liability: Ownership of a C-Corporation is vested in its stockholders, whose liability is limited to the amount of their investment. The Corporation is liable for all of its debts, and for the actions of employees acting as agents of the organization. Creditors may lay claim against corporate assets, but cannot reach stockholders’ personal assets. Additionally, stockholders have no claim against corporate assets.  · Income Taxes: The Corporation pays both state and federal taxes on its earnings. Excess earnings may be shared with stockholders in the form of dividends, on which the stockholder then pays taxes.  · Longevity/Continuity: C-Corporations can have a perpetual existence. The deaths of stockholders and employees will not cause it to cease operation. However, a stockholder vote can be called to close theShow MoreRelatedLIT1 Task 13125 Words   |  13 Pages(LIT1 Task 1) Sole Proprietorship: This is a type of business is where the business and the owner are one in the same. Sole proprietorship has its advantages and disadvantages just like every form of business. Sole proprietorship is one of the easiest types of business to create. You as the owner can name, organize and carry the business as far as you dream of it going. Sole proprietorship also can have risks; as the owner you cannot bring others into the business, so the responsibility ofRead MoreLIT1 Task 1 Essay1784 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿LIT1 Task 1A 1/10/2014 Sole proprietorship: Is the simplest and most common business structure. There is no legal distinction between the proprietor and the business, which means it is autonomous. You are entitled to all profits and responsible for all your businesss losses and liabilities. Liability- This falls directly on the owner. All debts, liabilities and losses fall on the owner. The owners assets can be used to alleviate the businesss debt. Income taxes- All income generatedRead MoreLit1 Task 1 Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesLegal Issues in Business Organizations Task 1 Zachary Christenson Western Governors University 000447824 Family and Medical Leave Act Situation The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) was created to help assist employees deal with the difficulties of home, while creating an atmosphere of job security. The FMLA also helps cover employers from wrongful use of the FMLA by the employees. Although the document is extensive, there are three major provisions of the FMLA that apply to theRead MoreWGU LIT1 Task 1 Essay3621 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Part A Sole proprietorship Sole proprietorships are the most common type of business in the U.S. They are most commonly chosen because they are the easiest type of business to set up and give the sole owner of the company complete control of the company. There are many benefits to a sole proprietorship in regards to control, profit retention, and convenience. In regards to control, the owner of a sole proprietorship has the final say in any decisions. Due to the fact that there are no shareholdersRead MoreStudy Notes for Task 11269 Words   |  6 Pages »Account Options wdrumm3@wgu.eduThis account is managed by wgu.edu. Learn more William Drummond wdrumm3@wgu.edu Account–PrivacyJoin Google+William DrummondWilliam Drummond wdrumm3@wgu.eduAll your Google+ pages †ºAdd account Sign out Settings LIT1 Task1.pdfAdd to DriveEdit onlineDownload originalShareFileViewHelp SUBDOMAIN 310.1 - BUSINESS LAW Competency 310.1.2: Organizational Forms - The graduate can select the appropriate form of organization for a business. 310.1Read MoreMajor Provisions : Family And Medical Leave Act Of 19931072 Words   |  5 Pages Anthony Tryon 000489537 Western Governors University LIT1 Task 1 A1. Major Provisions – Family and medical Leave Act of 1993 The FMLA or The Family and Medical Leave Act allows eligible employees who work for companies that the Act applies to take unpaid, job-protected leave for family and or medical reasons. As stated on US Department of Labor’s website (2015), a covered employer must have 50 or more employees in 20 or more work weeks in the current or preceding calendar year, includingRead MoreLit1 Task a Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesLIT1: Task 310.1.2-01-06 Task A Sole proprietorship 1. Liability * An owner has unlimited liability both personally and as the company owner. Liability is a disadvantage in a sole proprietorship. 2. Income taxes * The owner is responsible for filing taxes and is allowed to file taxes as part of their personal income taxes. 3. Longevity * This depends completely on the owner and there continued ability to operate the business. The operation of the business can be significantlyRead MoreA Brief Note On Labor And Employment Law1310 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 19, 2015 Robert W. Morley III Western Governors University Rmorle2@ wgu.edu Student ID 000460094 LIT1 – Task 1 – Labor and Employment Law Situation A Employee A has been employed with Company X for two years. Employee A’s spouse gave birth prematurely to twins. He requested leave to be with his spouse, which was granted. Employee A has been on leave for 11 weeks, and has asked to return to work, and to be paid the withheld salary from his 11-week leave. The previous department managerRead MoreLit Task 1 aB Essay2055 Words   |  9 PagesLIT1 – Task 1 (Part A) Sole Proprietorship: * Single Ownership - The single individual always owns sole proprietorship form of the business. The individual owns all assets and properties of the business and bears the risk of losing or gaining from the business. * No Sharing of Profit – The business is owned by an individual, therefore, all of the gains are directly available for the owner to access immediately. There is no friction between owners * One Man’s Control - The controlling

Foreign Exchange Risk Management Policies - 630 Words

Andrew Marshalls paper Foreign exchange risk management in UK, USA, and Asia Pacific multinational companies has the a stated objective to simultaneously survey the foreign exchange risk practices of large UK, USA and Asia Pacific multinational companies (MNCs). The author seeks to determine of foreign exchange rate risk management policies vary internationally. To study this subject, the author used a questionnaire of MNCs, choosing the largest 600 questionnaires from the UK, USA, Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. A total of 179 usable responses were received and this was the basis of the paper. The questionnaire covered a number of different subjects, including the importance of foreign exchange rate risk management, the objectives of managing foreign exchange rate risk, the degree of emphasis on transaction risk, the degree of emphasis on translation risk, the degree of emphasis on economic risk, and whether the respondent manages translation risk internally. The questionnaire also sought to understand some of the techniques that firms in the different regions used, for example pricing strategy, operating hedges, and planning. Where economic risk was not managed, the author sought to find out why the company had chosen not to manage this type of risk. The sample consisted of the top 200 MNCs in the UK, the top 200 MNCs in the US, and the top 200 MNCs in the Asia Pacific region. These consisted of 100 Japanese firms, and small numbers of firmsShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis Of Audis1691 Words   |  7 Pagesby 1.14%. Also, comparing to the previous year, the AP balances increased in a much higher rate so I would highly recommend our team to have extra time to investigate the factors and reasons that affect the result of this year’s AP balance. 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L&D at Lloyds UK Lloyds Banking Group

Question: Write an essay on LD at Lloyds. Answer: 1. Introduction UK Lloyds Banking Group is a major financial institution in British (Schoenmaker, 2014). The organization is currently undergoing a major restructuring and in the interest of increasing cost to income ratio is laying off 9000 employees. The layoff is of the physical branches that are barely used due to revolution of online banking. The organization has committed to improve their IT services to ensure that the negative impact of a reduced workforce is effectively reduced. Also, to ensure that the negative impact stays minimum, Lloyds have decided to support the front line managers through LD programs. To succeed in the same, the learning needs of the line managers need to be addressed (Senge, 2014). The below report analyzes methods to identify LD needs, the context in which LD needs arise, how LD effects organizational performance and compares various techniques and methods of learning. Furthermore, an understanding of how these needs can be met and validating the effectiveness of the same in reported below For the case of Lloyds the report identifies coaching and induction as the best way to meet the learning needs of line managers. The other learning methods such as mentoring and shadowing have been considered but rejected as the same are not effective with a reduced workforce. The needs would be majorly met through focus groups, observation and discussion, online training and on job experience, keeping in mind the limited availability of branch staff and management (Liben, 2013). Also, the above LD plan is initially deployed only in selected branches of Lloyds to test the increase in performance data and accordingly reconfigure the LD plan if required 2. LD needs 2.1 Methods to identify LD needs Organizations are increasingly recognizing the need for human resource development. Learning and Development is one of the key methods to ensure efficient workforce. The LD program designed should be aligned to the business needs and priorities to achieve value. Also, the program should be cost-efficient delivering performance improvement and effective career development. Hence, it is no wonder that organizational requirements and priorities have to be initially identified to understand LD requirements (Moon, 2013). Organizational Requirements at Lloyds: Develop skills of the existing workforce to ensure minimum negative impact of the layoff Develop an efficient LD practice to ensure that the organizational restricting does not affect the financial output of the organization To be the best bank for customers Ensure customer satisfaction by providing quick and efficient services To ensure minimum errors and complaints that may lead to damage of reputation (Kolb, 2014) Note that all the above mentioned requirements are fulfilled by Line mangers and hence enhancing their skills is crucial. Need analysis can be made through Document research: Reviewing the various documents on business plans, goal statements, critical issue reports, staffing reports and so on. Interviews: Talking to both senior and junior employees to understand what they need to achieve the companys goals Observations: Watching how tasks are being done and how they can be changed to meet the business requirements Surveys: Collecting requirements through questionnaire Group discussion: Conducting discussion groups. (Edwards, 2013) In case of Lloyds all the above method analysis techniques have to be optimally implemented to understand the programs that need to be developed to support line managers to work in a limited workforce environment. 2.2 What leads to LD needs LD needs are required in cases where an improvement in the skills of the employees of the organization is needed. LD is present in Lloyds at all levels as learning is a continuous process that leads to efficient employees and management, also ensure professional development. The below are some of the contexts where the requirement of LD is high Organizational Restructuring: A change in the organizational design and business process is one of the key factors that raise the need of LD. To redefine how an organization works, the employees of the organization should be trained first to be change ready and later be ready to learn and understand the processes in place (Robbins, 2013). Layoffs: When a reduction in workforce is seen, it is obvious that the remaining employees would have to compensate for the loss. To make sure that the impact of layoff is kept to minimum, the existing workforce has to be trained and their skills need to be sharpened (Guthrie, 2014). Performance Improvement: To ensure increase in productive levels of employees Professional development: To ensure all round development of employees Cost-effective labor: To help employees perform multiple tasks at one go. An efficient and skilled employee would be able to work quickly and be effective at assisting a customer. The knowledge acquired through various learning activities would help the employee, deal with the customer in an improved manner, ensuring that the customer is satisfied. All this inevitably leads to improvement in the organizational performance, as organization itself is made up of employees and the development of an employee directly effects the organizational performance. 2.3 Learning Methods and techniques In the context of Lloyds, four main learning methods are identified. Coaching: It is a one-on-one discussions of employees to understand the learning needs and focuses on improving performance and development skills of individuals. The coach observes, listens to what the line manager is doing and guides him to align his work to the business requirements (Crane, 2014). Coaching is usually done by an experienced managers who themselves are trained in delivery the business requirements Mentoring: It is extremely similar to coaching and hence the words are used interchangeably. However, mentoring usually involves highly skilled managers who have focused experience on a particular job and are expert in one key area (Johnson, 2015). These managers guide the line manager to improve the skills of line managers. Shadowing: It is more of an on job training where the trainee follow the trainers to observer how the trainer work on various tasks and handle customers Material Learning: This method provides documents written on various business process and the trainee has to read through all of them and give a written test to improve skills Of the above mentioned methods Coaching and Mentoring are considered by Lloyd as these can be done even if focused group setup. Due to the reduce in workforce shadowing is not ideal and material learning is time consuming 3. How are LD needs met 3.1 LD Interventions To meet the LD needs, Lloyds can use two main methods of learning intervention. Induction: Induction is the process of helping the employees get accustomed to the new environment of work. The induction program comprises of orientation, where the expectation from the employee and the business requirements are clearly explained. All the key policies, functions, an introduction to senior employees and so on are done to help the employees understand their role in the organization (Kutsyuruba, 2015). At Lloyds orientation would be done to all the new front line managers to set expectations and goals, and provide them a socializing platform with their mentors. The available training programs, LD policies, departmental organization, performance management system etc., would be detailed to the employees E-learning: One other effective learning intervention is e-learning. An e-learning portal can be established to provide formal training, through recorded sessions by various managers, online documentation, webinars, virtual learning environments and so on. The major advantage with e-learning activities is that the training sessions can happen from anywhere around the world and it is not necessary to gather groups in one place (Marquardt, 2014). E-learning followed by coaching and mentoring will provide a complete LD program for the line managers of Lloyds. 3.2 Understanding the learning methods efficiency The LD program has induction as its first action, where the line managers are explained their roles and responsibilities, the business requirements and are informed regarding the various LD programs both mandatory and optional they would have to undergo, to achieve organizational goals. The second step is to conduct e-learning sessions, where all the basic material that helps the employees understand how things work and how they need to work to ensure customer satisfaction. Several classes on soft skills are also delivered as a part of the activity (Robles, 2012). Then the line managers has focused group discussions with the senior management to understand if all the formal learning needs have been fulfilled. The line managers are then divided into smaller groups and are coached by senior managers as a part of on job training. In case a line manager requires additional intervention mentoring is done. 4. Conclusion The LD practices of coaching and mentoring when combined with induction programs and e-learning activities can prove to be highly beneficial especially in contexts where a reduction in workforce is seen. However, this strategy is designed based on the business requirements at Lloyds. The same may not be true for all organizations and hence, a critical need analysis should be done to develop LD programs for individual organizations. 5. References Crane, T.G. and Patrick, L.N., 2014. The heart of coaching: Using transformational coaching to create a high-performance coaching culture. Edwards, G., Elliott, C., Iszatt-White, M. and Schedlitzki, D., 2013. Critical and alternative approaches to leadership learning and development. Management Learning, 44(1), pp.3-10. Guthrie, J.P., Li, P. and Meschke, F., 2014, January. Layoffs, Affective Human Capital, and Firm Performance. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 15663). Academy of Management. Johnson, W.B. and Ridley, C.R., 2015. The elements of mentoring. Macmillan. Kolb, D.A., 2014. Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press. Kutsyuruba, B. and Walker, K., 2015. The Role of Trust in Developing Teacher Leaders Through Early-Career Induction and Mentoring Programs. Antistasis, 5(1). Liben, L.S. ed., 2013. Development and learning: conflict or congruence?. Psychology Press. Moon, J.A., 2013. Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice. Routledge. Marquardt, M.J., 2014. Building the learning organization: Mastering the 5 elements for corporate learning. Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Robbins, S., Judge, T.A., Millett, B. and Boyle, M., 2013. Organisational behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Robles, M.M., 2012. Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace. Business Communication Quarterly, 75(4), pp.453-465. Schoenmaker, D. and Peek, T., 2014. The state of the banking sector in Europe. Senge, P.M., 2014. The fifth discipline fieldbook: Strategies and tools for building a learning organization. Crown Business.

The Black Death, the Late Medieval Demographic Crises, and the Standard of Living Controversies

Introduction Historical events are directly or indirectly responsible for the prevalent issues in the contemporary world. For instance, the aftermath of the Second World War is directly and indirectly responsible for the business and economic landscape that the world enjoys today.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Death, the Late Medieval Demographic Crises, and the Standard of Living Controversies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarly, occurrences such as the Black Death, the late medieval demographic crises, and the standard of living controversies that transpired in Europe many centuries ago have continued to influence Europe economically and socio-culturally. It may not be a simple task to pinpoint such influences in modern Europe, but traces of these ancient occurrences exist even to date. This essay explores these events (the Black Death, the late medieval demographic crises and the standard of living controversies) in a bid to gain a clear concept of their causal factors, incidence, and aftermath. The Black Death and other Medieval Demographic Crises The Black Death is a phrase that is commonly used to refer to a mid-fourteenth century pandemic that struck Europe and killed over one third of the population of the continent. Specifically, the adverse effects of the pandemic were severe between 1347 and 1348, which was a considerably high number of deaths to have been recorded out of a disease breakdown (Munro 8). Most literature on the Black Death tends to show consensus on the view that the pandemic was due to Bubonic Plague caused by Yersinia pestis, which is a bacterium that is associated with rodents (Cohn 719). Thus, according to some historians, rats played a major role in the spread of the plague from one location to another. The pandemic is at the center of numerous controversies. Some historians assert that it obtained its name the â€Å"Black Death† becau se its victims’ skins turned black apparently due to sub-dermal hemorrhages they suffered under the ravages of the plague (Cohn 722). Such claims make the name of the pandemic a moot point because another group of historians dispute the idea that the name originated from the discoloration of the victims’ skins, but it is instead a metaphorical expression used to allude to the terrible nature of the pandemic (Cohn 724).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These controversies are also typical of the claims about the events that preceded the Black Death. Many historians have given varying explanations as to what led to the occurrence of such a devastating pandemic. This essay thus proceeds to explore the different perspectives on the same. Several authors have given their own accounts of what they think might have led to the Black Death. Such explanations vary from erratic climat ic patterns to low levels of hygiene among the people of medieval Europe, especially in the village settings. The aforementioned idea of the pandemic’s origin in China and spreading through trade routes into Europe is one of the explanations, which have been offered by historians about the origin and spread of the plague that caused the Black Death (Zapotoczny 2). A complete departure from the idea that the pandemic originated from the East is given with an explanation that anchors on the great famine, which was witnessed in Europe between 1314 and 1322 (Haddock and Kiesling 545). This famine was occasioned by several factors among them the almost biblical flooding of 1314 to 1317, epidemics such as the cattle panzootic that ravaged herds between 1314 and 1321 as well as the acute decline in salt supply, which limited the ability to season meat to compensate for the reduction in cereal production. In addition, wars were also a common feature of this era, and thus armies consu med much of the scarce resources. This continuum of unfavorable events exacerbated the already wanting food situation in Europe. Harvests were not only meager but were also in most cases not fit for human consumption mainly because the incessant rains leeched nitrates from the soil thus leaving the crops with nothing to enhance their growth and development. The result was crops infested with diseases such as rusts, smuts, mildews, and molds.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Death, the Late Medieval Demographic Crises, and the Standard of Living Controversies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These impurities made the crops poisonous because when ingested, these substances lowered the immunity of the people and caused ill mental health as well. Considering the events of the fourteenth century, it emerges that it was a century of great agony to the continent of Europe because so much happened within a rela tively short time. However, the great famine and the events that accompanied it such as the incessant rains, ravaging wars, animal epidemics, and illnesses that emerged from consuming unhealthy food abated in the 1320s. This famine came upon Europe at a time when the continent had previously experienced a period of relative calm that had given them a carefree attitude. There was a period of sustained economic expansion and improvement of the standards of living that defied the effects of population growth. Historians report that between 800 and 1300, the population of Europe had been on a steady rise, which saw it move from below 40 million to over 80 million. This growth was accompanied by an expansion in production, which saw the standards of living rise despite the rise in population. Even though the population rose steadily, there were enough resources to match and sustain the population escalation. By the beginning of the 14th century, the population of Europe was at a point wh ere no margins were left in the production such that any slight fluctuation in the production was capable of causing a food crisis. This assertion implies that the resources had stretched to their maximum production capabilities. In addition, at the time, the European society was largely agrarian such that its well-being was anchored on the performance of crops and livestock. This inclination towards agriculture was dangerous as at the time farmers depended on natural conditions as opposed to the contemporary times where irrigation and farming best practices are a common place. Therefore, any occurrence affecting food production would put the society in a precarious situation.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At this point, it is apparent that the Malthusian crisis was imminent upon the European people. According to Malthus, expansion and growth was only sustainable to the limit of resources; beyond that point, the world would naturally decongest itself to a level the pattern would start over again. It is true that right at the time when Europe was stretched to its limit, disaster struck causing production to decline several folds not only in crops, but in livestock as well because livestock epidemics such as the cattle panzootic swept across Europe at the time. This sequence of events tends to espouse the argument that Malthus advanced. However, what is not clear is how the erratic weather patterns such the rains and livestock epidemics came in to trigger one of the greatest famines ever recorded in annals of the world. It would be easier to claim that the great famine was a Malthusian crisis if production was maintained at pre-famine levels but people perished because the production wa s not adequate to sustain everyone. In other terms, the great famine cannot be exhaustively explained from an economics point of view, which has left many in a dilemma because though it would be easier to assume that it was a Malthusian crisis, the origin of floods and livestock epidemics is beyond economics, yet Malthus advanced his argument from an economics point of view. The Black Death, which descended on the continent in late 1340s, set in after a full decade of no major occurrences. The production levels in both the manufacturing and the agriculture industry had gone back to pre-famine levels (Munro 9). This aspect implies that an attempt to link the great famine and its effects to the Black Death may not strongly hold. In this sense, the Black Death and the great famine are independent of one another. The relationship between the two rests only in the fact that the two were among the events that added to the agonies of the 14th century Europe. They are both part of the demog raphic crises of late-medieval Europe. Statistics show that the decline in population of Europe had started to decline before the advent of the Black Death. The most illustrious example can be seen in the demographic records of Tuscany (Italy) which show a decline of between 30%-40% before the Black Death. Similar records exist for other towns and regions in Europe albeit at varying degrees of severity. In this sense, the great famine was part of a continuum of unfortunate occurrences of the 14th century that almost depopulated Europe. The Black Death is also part of the continuum as are several other outbreaks that claimed considerable numbers of lives after the Black Death. Mentioning here that the Black Death was part of a continuum of occurrences that constitute what is generally referred to as the demographic crises of late-medieval Europe, does not mean that it fits into the Malthusian argument. Like in the case of the great famine, there is no clear economics oriented explana tion that can adequately account for the Black Death. Thus the two are not linked to each other and do not fit in with the Malthusian argument. The only part of the late-medieval crises that can be explained adequately from an economics perspective and thus fit in with the argument that was advanced by Malthus are the ravaging wars that were rampant all over Europe. An important aspect of the Black Death in particular, is the rate at which it spread over the entire Europe and parts of Asia within such a short time. Several explanations are present in the literature to this effect. The disease started in Asia and came aboard merchant ships in rats and fleas as well as the merchants themselves. Its rapid spread is attributed to the flourishing trade after the great famine. Human movement was rife both within Europe and beyond because European merchants travelled everywhere. On their journeys back to their lands, they brought with them merchandise as well as all sorts of diseases. In t he process of distributing their merchandise to their European markets, the plague spread rapidly across the European continent because it is claimed to have been contagious (Zapotoczny 3). In addition, due to the generally filthy conditions of medieval Europe, rats and fleas had the opportunity to thrive and thus spread the disease unprecedentedly. Others note that it was believed to be God’s punishment due to the inequities of humanity, and thus flagellants sought to appease God through emulating the martyrdom of Jesus Christ. They were whipped and flogged in order to obtain God’s favor for themselves and the rest (Munro 12). This exposed others to their blood and through contact, the disease spread rapidly. The Black Death was incident in the entire Europe and some parts of Asia. No accounts of the pandemic spreading to other parts of the world apart from the Eurasian continent exist. There could be several reasons why such accounts do not exist in today’s li terature; however, it cannot be assumed that the pandemic was only affected Europe and Asia. Since the pandemic’s main pathways were trade routes between Asia and Europe, the Northern parts of Africa, especially Egypt, must have been affected. The pandemic is reported to have affected three continents and since Asia and Europe are the most clearly documented, the third continent must have been Africa due to its proximity to the two. The bottom line is that three out of the world’s six continents were affected by the Black Death. Effects of the Black Death and other late medieval crises Many effects followed the Black Death, but to understand them better, it is prudent to consider the economic situation of Europe before, during, and after the Black Death. There had been a protracted inflation, which ended with the onset of the fourteenth century (Munro 14). This inflation was followed by the great famine and other events that accompanied it such as animal epidemics. Aft er the great famine, the European economy picked a positive pattern and grew to pre-famine levels before the onset of the Black Death; but even then, there was an economic meltdown (Bridbury 394). Wages for laborers were at an all time high just before the Black Death, which is an indicator that the economy was doing well. This positive trend can be attributed to a departure from over reliance on agriculture because the famine had demonstrated the perils of such a lifestyle. Unfortunately, the flourishing economic activities that followed the great famine only served to worsen the Black Death by aggravating its spread. After the Black Death, employers’ scrambled for the few remaining laborers (Zapotoczny 3). What followed next was that wealth was at the disposal of a few and peasant laborers could earn several times more than before the Black Death. This pattern was replicated in the middle class with the result of increased wealth per capita. For the business community and p roperty owners, things were different for they had to pay higher wages hence lower profits (Haddock and Kiesling 549). The economic disruptions caused by the Black Death penetrated government systems occasioning some to come up with measures to stabilize their economies. For instance, the British Monarchy sought to establish ceilings for the prices of commodities and wages paid to laborers to eliminate any possibilities of their rise beyond the pre-plague levels (Zapotoczny 4). Similar trends were observed in parts of France, Germany, and Italy. Proprietors attempted to raise their incomes by seeking higher payments from their tenants. This move, coupled with the legislations that were not favorable towards peasants, led to uprisings in England and other parts of Europe in late fourteenth century (Zapotoczny 4). These unrests are considered as major contributors to the philosophical and scientific advancement in Western Europe and since they were not prevalent in Eastern Europe, it can be understood why it (Eastern Europe) trails its western counterparts (Zapotoczny 5) In the religious realm, the Black Death radically changed the position of the church in the eyes of the common person. The Black Death lowered the standing of the church leading to the sprouting of other religions and a general departure from church values among Europeans. The culture of Europe like many other aspects of life also changed after the plague. People became generally pessimistic about life and turned to alcohol and other substances that would help them to escape reality. This trend encouraged a culture of alcohol consumption, indulgence, and departure from social and moral norms of the pre-plague period among Europeans. Conclusion The occurrence of the Black Death remains unequaled in the history of the world. Although it affected Europe and significant parts of Asia, its severity transcends even global crises that have been recorded in the annals of world history. Its effects alter ed significantly the continent of Europe and traces of the culture that developed in its aftermath can still be pointed out in Europe today. It goes down as the most illustrious of all the pestilence that Europe, and even the entire world, has ever known in its history. Works Cited Cohn, Samuel. â€Å"The Black Death: End of a Paradigm.† The American Historical Review, vol.  107, no. 3, 2002, pp. 703-738. Bridbury, Anthony. â€Å"Before The Black Death.† The Economic History Review, vol. 30, no. 3, 1977, pp. 393-410. Haddock, David, and Lynne Kiesling. â€Å"The Black Death and Property Rights.† The Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 31, no. 2, 2002, pp. 545-587. Munro, John.  Before and After the Black Death: Money, Prices, and Wages in Fourteenth-Century England. PDF File. 2004. economics.utoronto.ca/public/workingPapers/UT-ECIPA-MUNRO-04-04.pdf. Zapotoczny, Walter. The Political and Social Consequences of the Black Death, 1348 – 1351. PDF file. 2006. w zaponline.com/BlackDeath.pdf. This essay on The Black Death, the Late Medieval Demographic Crises, and the Standard of Living Controversies was written and submitted by user Mina Lester to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Marks Spencer Essay Essay Example

Marks Spencer Essay Essay Example Marks Spencer Essay Essay Marks Spencer Essay Essay This assignment will examine how Marks Spencers strategies have changed in the past 10 years, from 1998 to 2008. These strategies include management strategy, corporate social responsibility, advertising strategy, competitive strategy, and green strategy. However, the most important strategy must be the recovery plan of these ten years. Marks Spencer is the largest clothing retailer in the UK. It is also an international retailer which operates around 760 stores in more than 20 countries around the world. The company provided quality products with affordable prices and they offer a board range of products, such as womenswear, menswear, childrenswear, babywear, and homewares. [Mintel, Retail Review March, 2008] In 1998, the company was hit by falling sales and loss of market share. They suffered 23% decrease in profits, and by 2001 Marks and Spencer was no longer even in the Financial Times list of the top 500 global companies. It was even in danger of being taken over by another company. The reasons of decreasing sales include the failure of the changing needs of its core consumers, boring design and styling and fashionable competitors, such as Gap and Zara. Since then, the company used different strategies to recover the company lost. By the end of 2002, the market share of the clothing market raised up sharply to 14.8%. Marks and Spencer were able to bring back the customers temperately. However, they experienced another rapid drop in market share again in the 2 following years, which was between 2003 and 2004. Fortunately, the company picked up the market share in 2006 with strong performances from menswear, womenswear and childrenwear. The Christmas sales even rose up by 9.2% in 2007, which was officially recovered. Therefore, the question about how the company went down, how it recovered and the presence strategy will be discovered. [Marks Spencer annual report, mintel 2002] First of all, management strategy is involved during these ten years. Marks Spencer has been changed their director board many times since1998. For example, Luc Vandevelde recruited as a chairman in 2000 and now, Stuart Rose is the current executive chairman since 2008. The organisational structure has been changed to be flatter over these ten years They company has been cut down some layers of management since 1998. This would enable their employees at the remaining levels to be more responsible and have more accountability than before. Quicker decision could be made by this strategy which means that the employee has to be ready to give good reason for the decisions that they make. In 2001, Marks Spencer made attention on implementing the changes about adding highly talented retail specialists to the company. Started from 2000, the company have put in place a strong leadership team, which has developed a very good progress in its implementation. They were trying to improve the value of the core market. [Marks Spencer annual report, mintel 2002] From 2003 to 2007, the number of Marks Spencer stores in the UK and Republic of Ireland has increased from 335 to 472, which is a strategy of market penetration, as Marks Spencer marketed the same products to its exciting consumers that are in the UK and Republic of Ireland for increase sales. In addition, launching loyalty card is another activity of market penetration. (Ridder, K.,2003 , Mintel, 2007) Many of Marks and Spencers strategies can be defined by using Ansoffs matrix, which is one of the most useful planning aid. This helps identifying alternative strategies based on products and markets. There are four main growth strategies of possible combinations for products and markets. They are market perpetration, market development, product development and diversification. [Ansoffs Matrix, 2008] Product development is the process that involved the development of new products for current customers. For instance, the David Beckham range of childrenswear, DB07 was launched in 2004. A brand is an empty vessel you imbue with value.(Wally Olins, 1988) This quote relates to Marks and Spencer, because of it was an opportunity of adding value, quality and leadership by having David Beckham to be one of their ranges, DB07. This helped the company to attract new customers in the new market, which is another example of Diversification. Market Development means the process of developing new markets for existing products. Targeting new segments or expanding new geographical markets can achieve the company growth. However, Marks Spencer did not enter any new geographical markets, since the sale of Brooks Brothers in 2000 and King Super Markets in 2006 for their recovery plan. The company tried to focus on Europe, because the company mainly owned stores in the UK, Republic of Ireland and franchises in Continental Europe. The numbers of stores in the Continental European countries are even expanded from 82 to 131 in total between July 2004 and July 2007. Online shopping is one another activity of market development. Marks Spencer started launching online retailing in 1999. By the end of the year 2000, they had expanded 3,000 products on their website. Then, they kept developing their online shopping through partnerships with different companies, such as MSN in 2000 and Amazon in 2005. (mintel, fashion online 2006) Diversification is the most risky strategies in the Ansoff matrix, as it means the company markets new products to new customers, which may not be relevant. For instance, Marks Spencer had a great idea of hiring a famous football player, David Beckhamd and granting him his own clothing range. Their marketing focus is on their clothing range which is probably the right idea due to competitors such as Sainsburys were introducing their own clothing range. The company had incorporated their own style and image which their competitors could not comprehend to. Therefore, it was a big step in the right direction for the company. [Marks Spencer annual report 1999] The recovery plan on 2000/01 was focusing on UK retail business, cutting down cost and businesses and improving capital structure. The strategy of focusing on the UK retail business which included expanding the growing businesses, such as food, home and beauty, but also concentrating on clothing business, accelerate of store renewal programme for more intensive use of space, and getting closer to the consumer, in terms of better marketing communication. The cutting down unprofitable strategy were involved selling the business in Hong Kong to become a franchise, closing down some unprofitable overseas business and the unprofitable clothes catalogue and reducing cost of goods that by using foreign supplier in Asia, which enabled to reduce sales price and to raise profit. After the recovered of the company, the company was planning to drive their core business, such as product, service, environment and brand stretch. Also, they wanted to develop their international business. On the stra tegy of improving capital structure, the company tried to reduce the investment in inventories by 10%, which helped for a reduction of  £90million. Competitions with other retailers, such as Gap and Zara, Marks Spencer has been changed from managing their business as a whole, rather than alone product lines, to Marks Spencer started focusing on the UK market and its core clothing business in 2001. The same year, George David, who is the founder of Next appointed to create a new womens fashion collection for Marks Spencer in February, which called Per Una. This product lines reflected the original Marks Spencers values of quality, value and innovation as well as the modern requirements for fashion. In 2004, the company suggested to change it direction of its clothing. They wanted to attract younger customers and the company bought Per Una from George Davies for  £125m in September. [Marks Spencer annual report, 2001and 2004] Marks Spencer have changed a lot in their childrenswear department in 2002. They have been using high technology of health and safety testing on their ranges of childrenswear, which gave a better quality to their products. As mintel report suggested that the biggest threat to the retail scene at that moment (2002) was Marks and Spencer. Marks and Spencer was very interesting, as they have suffered for period but they were more of a threat if they get their act together and get things right in childrens clothing they could make a huge difference much bigger than any foreign retailers entering the marketplace. [Mintel report, 2002] In addition, since Marks and Spencer believed that children-wear should involved more personalities and style, in February of 2002, they decided to sign David Beckham to help with their boy-wear range. In September of 2002, Marks and Spencer introduced their new cloth-wear DB07 which gave a boost to with stronger ranges by expanding and introducing a fast fashion element to its Limited Collection range in 2006/07. [mintel, Retail Review UK March 2008] Since the dramatic sales drop, Marks Spencer started spending a huge amount of money on their advertising strategy. In 1999, they spent around  £2 million on the advertising campaign which included television commercial. In 2001, the companys Christmas advertising was launched on the national television. Some of the celebrities were featured saying what Christmas means to them and some of the Christmas gift, products were featured either. In 2004, text marketing was firstly used by Marks and Spencer, which means sending the company brand name to target customers. Also, David Beckham was featured for the collaborated collection, DB07 at the same year, which showed a family men image for the brand and suits the image of Marks Spencer In 2005, an advertising campaign Not just Food was launched in April and the advertising campaign for clothing which Twiggy featured in was also launched in October. In 2006, they launched of Get This Party Started Christmas campaign featuring Shirley Bassey. Marks Spencer has been using different celebrities, media, images and idea to advertise their brands and products. [Barrett, S., 8 Dec 1999] Nowadays, Marks Spencer is more concerned about green and ethical issues than it used to. They were trying to become the most environmentally friendly retailer in the world. In 2006, Marks Spencer has launched a new ethical image, called Look behind the label campaign. The company has been started selling 100% fair-trade cotton since then. In the early 2007, the company planned to spend  £200 million on green strategy in the following 5 years, which included climate change, waste, sustainable raw material. The name of the plan, called Plan A, with a tag line Because there is no Plan B. The implementation of paying 5p for standard sized vest carrier bag when purchasing is one of the commitments of Plan A in 2008. [Marks Spencer.,,Annual report, 2006,2007 and 2008] In conclusion, Marks Spencer has been experienced a period of decreasing sales and had acknowledged numerous issues for their recovery strategy, which mainly on their clothing range with pricing quality, fit, segmentation, product appeal and availability. Then, the company was aiming to offer something for everyone with better price, better quality of products and deliver quicker. For example, the Zip, Blue Harbour and Classics range of clothing, they have a big range of clothing lines to offer new and current customers. Marks Spencer is doing well at the moment and officially has been recovered already. The sales of these two years have been increased. However, the market and consumer behaviour is always changing rapidly. The company should not be too proud of their sales profits. It is recommended for Marks Spencer continues to concentrate on their marketing communication to build up a long term relationship with their customers and to regain more competitive advantages such as online or telephone delivery for food in the future. Moreover, hopefully more creative designs with a cultural based can be seen in Marks Spencer soon which to match their demanding consumers. Finally, the green strategy would help Marks Spencer into another stage by not just offering us better products, but also improving a better world.

Decision Making Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decision Making Case Study Analysis - Essay Example Mary, as a relatively new and inexperienced probation officer has a fresh outlook and different expectations from the system. Her approach to the case places more importance on "positivism" and a "watchman style" as she has not yet become part of the system; the cultural ethos of the organization on the other hand in entrenched in "classicalism" and has a rigid "legalistic" approach (Stojkovic, Kalinich, & Klofas, 2003, p. 295). If only rational guidelines were to be considered, then, based on the crime score and offender score parameters (Stojkovic, et al., 2003, p 312), the offender qualifies for probation. Moreover, the offence is one of statutory rape and charges have been filed by the parents of the girl, over the objections of the victim. Hence more discretion, within the boundaries of bounded rationality is warranted and needs to be the primary factor in this case. Political considerations, however legitimate should not fly in the face of natural justice. Most decisions are arrived at keeping an organization's long-term goals in mind and solutions fall in to well established and acceptable solutions for identified problems - the 'garbage can' concept. To that extent, organizational culture is a definitive influencing factor. In fact it is this deeply ingrained ethos which influences the advice given to Mary by her supervisor. This kind of 'standard operating procedure' leads to the formation of 'legitimizing rituals' that further perpetuate the laid down decision making process. In effect, "equilibrium is set and protected" (Stojkovic, et al., 2003, p 301). This is what Mary learns from the case. Symbolically the case is a sex offence and because of the pressure of organizational culture it has to be treated as one of many such cases rather than treating it on its own merits. The pre-set solution for such cases is the decision already 'arrived at'. This results in a compromise solution that though not exactly the best satisfies everyone in the system. This is because all decisions are made with incomplete information and although rationality requires the ability to choose between all possible courses of action, in practice all of them are not capable of being implemented due to various constraints. Hence the adoption of the concept of satisfycing i.e., "the attainment of acceptable rather than optimal results" (Stojkovic, et al., 2003, p 298), which is a useful concept in criminal justice to satisfy diverse and contradictory interests. Cultural and Political Concerns in Decision Making Cultural and political concerns can never be left out of any decision making process as decisions are not made in a vacuum. Hence, understanding of thee limitations and learning how to work through them is a better option in the long run. This is what Mary realizes when it dawns on her that a compromise solution would have a better chance of success, since, "recommendations of probation officersgenerally correlate with sentencing decisions" (Stojkovic, et al., 2003, p. 302). The inputs given by Mary as a result of the PSI would provide crucial inputs that would influence the final outcome. Recommendations that are grounded in rationality and backed by the results of prediction models would certainly enhance the acceptability of the recommendations.

Consumer Behaviour- Redbull Case Study questions

Consumer Behaviour- Redbull questions - Case Study Example Through the marketing strategy of employing thrill into the advertisements, the company targets the young generation to consume the drink as a supplement to the adrenaline inducing sports. Such market segmentation has allowed the company to merge its natural consumer base with its targeted market. In the future, Red Bull’s most beneficial marketing strategy would be to segment the market based on consumers and innovation specifically rather than brute sponsorship based advertisement. Targeting a behavioural segment that is divided in to the groups of those who regularly, for example, go to gym or those that work in tough environments in the same age limits; it would be wiser, as per Walker’s (2006) research, to spend more marketing funds on those who are behaving in a more favourable way to consume the product. For example a 20 year old who goes to gym is more open to Red Bull’s advertisements than a 20 year old who works in a print shop. By specifically targetin g behaviour based market segments, Red Bull’s future marketing can further be optimized in line with the company’s current policy without interfering with other policies like those of thrill based advertisement. ... Starting from distributing free cases of the energy drink at gyms, schools and different buildings where they could find their consumer base, the Red Bull started with a viral advertising policy. The success of the viral advertisement resulted in rapid growth in sales. The motivations of consumers were based on their own needs, or their own needs as shown by the company. The need to re energize at work, gym, construction sites and other advertised areas has shown to be a consumer need by the Red Bull and often the Red Bull consumers are compared with non consumers in advertisements. The comparison often either implies the lack of energy in the individual and the inability to perform properly without re energizing or shows extra abilities in the individual consuming the product. The moto â€Å"No Red Bull, No Wings† clearly backs up this concept. Furthermore, by sponsoring highly thrilling race competitions, both on air and ground, the motivation to use the product is further a roused in the consumer base, both psychologically and as a way to try the product for the new consumers by creating a ‘buzz’. Describe the Brand Personality of Red Bull. Why do you think the concept of brand personality is so important to Red Bull? Being an energy drink aimed at the youth, Red Bull has developed a bold brand personality of a strong bull as depicted by its logo. The brand personality of the energy drink implies the traits of the type of boost it claims to give the consumers; strength, energy, physical resistance, quicker reaction time and improved mood. Giving an emotional character and association to the brand’s image, the company has devised a strategy

Kantian and Utilitarian Theories and the Nestle Moral Issue Term Paper

Kantian and Utilitarian Theories and the Nestle Moral Issue - Term Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Nestle is a corporation engaged in home products processing and marketing worldwide. In the mid-1860s, it developed an infant-food formula as a supplement and/or substitute to breastfeeding. It then claimed humanitarian achievement after the formula was used by relief organizations such as the Red Cross to feed starving infants in refugee camps. In third world countries, the Nestle product has also been used as an alternative to less nutritious local infant feeding substitutes. And today, Nestle is the third largest home food company in the world with gross sales of nearly US$39 billion a year. But the Nestle success story is marred by controversy as the company has been charged for gross violations of a World Health Organization Code that affected both first world and third world countries. The controversy first emerged when in 1970, during a UN-sponsored Bogota meeting on infant feeding, a Protein Advisory Group (PAG) expressed concern about a worldwide decline in breastfeeding. PAG also sought examination of undue marketing-and-advertising of infant formula, which may have been the cause of this decline. Taking the cue for a sensational story, media made follow-up reports on unfair, dishonest and deceptive advertising by Nestle (village visits by health care dressed representatives, free samples to new mothers, free or low-cost products, improper labels) allegedly designed for the adoption of bottle-feeding instead of breastfeeding by mothers. Outrage against Nestle came to a high point when a Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute attested that millions of infants suffered ailments or death due to bottle-feeding. The institute, however, did not clarify whether the cause was the infant formula or improper sterilization-and-storage of baby bottles and feed.

Celebrities and Gossip Essay -- Media Tabloids Journalism Essays

Celebrities and Gossip Have you seen the pictures of Madonna and her baby yet? Have you ever surfed the web and stumbled onto a site about celebrities? Probably so. There are thousands of sites on the web about celebrities; their official web sites, pictorials and biographical information. You can’t even go into a supermarket without being bombarded by tabloids.You can’t listen to the radio in the car. TV shows and whole networks rely on entertainment and celebrities in the news. VH1, MTV and E! are excellent examples of this. Many people make their living off celebrities and their personal lives. But why does this need to be explored? Producers and journalists say they are only making and reporting on what the people want. The general public say they only watch and read this â€Å"news† because it is so readily available. Lets face it, it would be easier to find matches for â€Å"Madonna and her baby â€Å" on the web than it would be to find â€Å"biological engineering†. First, lets define the â€Å"news† which we will be exploring. Sensationalism is defined by Webster’s Dictionary as â€Å"subject matter that is calculated to excite and please vulgar tastes. Also, as the journalistic use of subject matter that appears to vulgar tastes. This can be applied to a variety of news-gathering media. Print: be it newspapers, tabloids, or magazines, audio and visual: be it TV specials, daily and weekly shows, or through the radio with shows such as Howard Stern, or even electronic: through the World Wide Web, can all involve â€Å"the journalistic use of vulgar subject matter†. It is nearly impossible to avoid â€Å"journalistic sensationalism†. But lets focus on a more specific facet of sensationalism. Where do the children of celebrities stand in this issue... ... an anchor for WMAQ, NBC’s news affiliate in Chicago. Marin recently resigned her post after questioning the station’s approach to news coverage. WMAQ took a step toward sensationalism and away from news when it hired tabloid talk show host Jerry Springer to give a nightly commentary on the local news program. Sensational news has no place in today’s media. Her actions are both honorable and understandable. If all journalistics held their values higher and took common decency into account when reporting, then sensational news could be drastically cut back. We as journalists must stand up for what we believe in. The news needs to reamin just that--news. George Clooney said at a press conference supermarket tabloids and television shows have made â€Å"bounty hunters† out of the photographers. He challenged editors to clean up their act or have others do it for them.

Club Objective in Gym Facility Essay

Member Communication Budget Management Department Management Facility Upkeep Club Objective Our mean goal is to identify the skill and competencies that a fitness professional needs in order to be a successful in fitness owner, or department manager. How to operate a successful business in the fitness industry. Teaching them how business concepts, including purchasing, contractual agreements, risk management and negligence, and other fiscal concerns in fitness facility. Identify how to influences consumers and creates fitness services and cooperating with the customers relationship. Mostly using of sales techniques explore the profession as a potential career by using experience on the field internship and with available resources. Some of the objectives in managing gym facilities are. We need to plan what equipment will be more useful in the gym facility for costumers. You need to make sure the costumers feel comfortable in your facilities and everything there is well organize and clean. We need to do things that will attract them more, for them to always come to your facility. Treating your employees well and your costumers and providing client with good services. Advertising on TV’s, radios and making your cards and available to give it out. Organizing the employees and making sure they doing what are right. Try to listen to your costumers when they bring some ideas of things you need in your gym facilities. You have to help your costumers reach their fitness objectives. The manager works with the membership department to increase monthly goals for new memberships and comes up with ways to better retain current members. We have to spend a lot of time developing personal training to increase its revenue. Interviewing Christian Kettman gym facility she made me know that to get to your goals hire two new trainers 175 clients on contract by the New Year. Education is the secret weapon; all staff must be certified in   and must easily communicate with all clients and staff. The hiring process is most important in the industry it is all about team work and making complete strangers feel comfortable sweating in front of one another. And again to be an owner or reach your objectives sweat, tears and a constant motivation to keep going forward and be passionate about health and fitness by all means.

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Marketing Plan

A well-written, comprehensive marketing plan is the focal point of all business ventures because marketing describes how you plan to attract and retain customers. This is the most crucial aspect of a business. Having a marketing plan is essential to any successful business. In fact, it is the heart of the business and the basis from which all other operational and management plans are derived. Marketing can give inventors a wealth of information that, if applied correctly, can virtually ensure your success. Therefore, it is important that you, as a first-time business owner, develop a comprehensive, effective marketing plan. If you need assistance in accomplishing this task, contact your local SBA office. You can find them by looking through the local telephone directory under U.S. Government for the telephone number and address of the office nearest you. You can also get that information by going to the U.S. Small Business Administrations website and entering your zip code in the section local assistance.   An effective marketing plan will certainly boost your sales and increase your profit margins. You must be able to convince customers that you have the best product or service for them at the best possible price. If you cannot convince potential customers of this, then you are wasting your time and money. This is where the marketing plan comes into play, and this is why it is so important. There are numerous advantages you can extract from the marketplace if you know how. And the marketing plan is an excellent tool for identifying and developing strategies for putting these advantages to work. Business Advantages Identifies needs and wants of consumersDetermines demand for a productAids in the design of products that fulfill consumers needsOutlines measures for generating the cash for daily operations, to repay debts and to turn a profitIdentifies competitors and analyzes your products or firms competitive advantageIdentifies new product areasIdentifies new and/or potential customersAllows for testing to see if strategies are generating the desired results Business Disadvantages Identifies weaknesses in your business skillsCan lead to faulty marketing decisions if data isnt analyzed properlyCreates unrealistic financial projections if information isnt interpreted correctlyIdentifies weaknesses in your overall business plan Review Its always good to review what goes into a marketing plan. Write down what you can remember on a blank sheet and then compare it to this quick fact sheet. The marketing plan offers numerous advantages; however, as you can see, there can be drawbacks. Keep in mind that the advantages outweigh the drawbacks and you can always seek professional assistance when you are developing the marketing section of your business plan. It may be worth the investment.